Hazard, Risk and Risk Factor – What’s the Difference?

Understanding the difference between a hazard, a risk and a risk factor is important when carrying out a workplace risk assessment.

This video uses HSE guidance on general risk assessment and work-related stress to explain the terminology and how it applies in practice.

In general health and safety terms, a hazard is something that could cause injury or illness, while risk considers how likely it is that harm could occur and how serious that harm could be.

When assessing work-related stress, HSE also uses the term risk factors. Its Management Standards identify six main areas associated with work-related stress: Demands, Control, Support, Relationships, Role and Change.

These risk factors help employers consider where work may be creating harmful pressure, who may be affected, what controls are already in place and whether further action is needed.

Using the correct terminology helps keep the assessment focused on workplace causes and practical prevention, rather than treating stress, risk and risk factors as interchangeable terms.